Tupolev Tu-114

Very fast Russian turboprop airliner

Overview

Tupolev Russia ICAO: TU114 1958–1963

The Tupolev Tu-114 was designed by Tupolev as a turboprop powered long range airliner built beginning May 1955 in the Soviet Union. Introduced in April 1961, it was the biggest and the fastest passenger aircraft during the time which also featured the longest range of almost 6,000 nautical miles. Since 1960, the Tu-114 held the official record of being the fastest propeller-driven aircraft in the world.

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Specifications

Units
Engine
4 × Kuznetsov NK-12MV
Engine type
Turboprop
Power
4 × 14,795 shp · 11,033 kW
Avionics
—
Wing tips
No winglets
Seats
230
Crew
—
Cabin width
—
Cabin height
—
Cabin length
—
Exterior length
177 ft 6 in  ·  54.10 m
Tail height
50 ft 8 in  ·  15.44 m
Fuselage diameter
10 ft 10 in  ·  3.30 m
Wing span
167 ft 8 in  ·  51.10 m
Baggage volume
—
Gross weight
—
Empty weight
—
Max takeoff weight
377,000 lb  ·  171,000 kg
Max landing weight
—
Max payload
44,100 lb  ·  20,000 kg
Fuel capacity
19,300 gal · 73,000 L · 58,400 kg (Jet A)
Max cruise speed
475 kt  ·  547 mph  ·  880 km/h
Maximum speed
—
Cruise speed
—
Approach speed
—
Range
4,830 nm  ·  5,560 mi  ·  8,950 km
Fuel burn
—
Ceiling
39,000 ft  ·  11,900 m
Rate of climb
2,000 ft/min  ·  10 m/s
Takeoff distance
8,200 ft  ·  2,500 m
Landing distance
4,600 ft  ·  1,400 m
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Aeroflot Tu-114 at Tokyo Haneda Airport. 1965

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Operational Context

In August 1955, the Council of Ministers and Ministry of Aircraft Production issued a requirement to build a large and fast aircraft with a 4,971-mile range. The Tupolev Design Bureau began to develop an airliner derived from the Tupolev Tu-95 turboprop-powered strategic bomber, fitted with four Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprop engines with contra-rotating propellers. On November 15, 1957, the prototype performed its maiden flight. On April 24, 1961, the Tu-114 was introduced.

The Tupolev Tu-114 can carry five or six flight crew with up to ten cabin crew, and up to two hundred and twenty passengers. It has an external length of 54.1 meters, an external height of 8.2 meters, and a fuselage diameter of 3.3 meters. The tail height is 15.44 meters and the wheelbase is 21.3 meters. It has a wingspan of 51.1 meters and a wing area of 311.4 square meters. The aircraft has an empty weight of 91,000 kg, a gross weight of 164,000 kg, a maximum takeoff weight of 171,000 kg, and a fuel tank capacity of 19,280 US gal.

The aircraft is powered by four Kuznetsov NK-12MV engines. It is a turboprop engine with a fourteen-stage axial flow compressor, twelve combustion chambers, a five-stage axial turbine, and a pressure spray oil system. It produces a maximum takeoff thrust of 14,795 hp each and drives eight-bladed AV-60N contra-rotating reversible pitch propellers with a diameter of 5.6 meters.

The Tu-114 has a maximum speed of 470 knots at 26,000 feet and a cruise speed of 420 knots at 30,000 feet. It has a travel range of 4,830 nautical miles with maximum fuel and 15,000 kg of payload and 3,300 nautical miles with maximum payload and sixty minutes fuel reserves. The aircraft can fly up to 39,000 feet and can climb at a rate of 2,000 feet per minute. The takeoff and landing distances are 2,500 meters and 1,400 meters, respectively.