Antonov An-12

Civil and military transport aircraft introduced in 1959

Overview

Antonov Ukraine ICAO: AN12 1957–1973 Active

The Antonov An-12 is a turboprop medium-range, four-engined, cargo and paratroop transport aircraft manufactured by Antonov and primarily used by the Soviet Air Force. The An-12 is the military variant of the An-10.

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Specifications

Units
Engine
4 × Ivchenko AI-20L
Engine type
Turboprop
Power
4 × 4,000 shp · 2,983 kW
Avionics
Litton APSO-504(V)3
Wing tips
No winglets
Seats
5
Crew
—
Cabin width
11 ft 6 in  ·  3.50 m
Cabin height
8 ft 1 in  ·  2.47 m
Cabin length
44 ft 3 in  ·  13.50 m
Exterior length
108 ft 7 in  ·  33.10 m
Tail height
37 ft 6 in  ·  11.44 m
Fuselage diameter
12 ft 10 in  ·  3.90 m
Wing span
124 ft 8 in  ·  38.00 m
Baggage volume
3,178 ft³  ·  90.0 m³
Gross weight
—
Empty weight
—
Max takeoff weight
134,500 lb  ·  61,000 kg
Max landing weight
128,000 lb  ·  58,000 kg
Max payload
44,100 lb  ·  20,000 kg
Fuel capacity
8,100 gal · 30,600 L · 24,500 kg (Jet A)
Max cruise speed
420 kt  ·  483 mph  ·  778 km/h
Maximum speed
—
Cruise speed
—
Approach speed
120 kt  ·  138 mph  ·  222 km/h
Range
3,100 nm  ·  3,570 mi  ·  5,740 km
Fuel burn
—
Ceiling
33,500 ft  ·  10,200 m
Rate of climb
2,000 ft/min  ·  10 m/s
Takeoff distance
2,300 ft  ·  700 m
Landing distance
1,640 ft  ·  500 m
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Russia Air Force – Antonov An-12BK (14 RED)

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Operational Context

The Antonov An-12 was derived from the An-8 and was a military variant of the passenger transport aircraft An-10. In December 1957, the first prototype took its first flight. In 1959, it entered into service with the Soviet Air Force. Originally, aircraft production took place at the State Aviation Factory in Irkutsk before it was stationed to Tashkent in 1962. 830 An-12 were built at the Tashkent Aviation Plant. Subsequently, the production of the An-12 was transferred to Voronezh and Kazan. The Antonov An-12 was produced from 1957 to 1973.

The Antonov An-12 was utilized in various roles such as search and rescue missions and equipment transport. It was most useful during the Soviet-Afghan War where it was notorious that the aircraft would take off from Afghanistan to Tashkent, Uzbekistan with Cargo 200. The aircraft can carry a maximum of one hundred fully-equipped paratroopers or 20,000 kg of cargo load. Concerning layout, dimensions, and aircraft capabilities, the An-12 is identical with the Lockheed C-130 Hercules. The An-12 is also equipped with a defensive tail gun turret.

The aircraft has an exterior length of 33.1 meters, a height of 11.44 meters, and a fuselage diameter of 3.9 meters. The wheelbase is 9.8 meters, the wingspan is 38 meters, and the wing area is 121.7 square meters. Some aircraft can be loaded with 2×23 mm Nudelman-rikhter NR-23 cannons.

The An-12 is powered by four Ivchenko AI-20L or AI-20M turboprop engines. Each engine has a maximum thrust of 4,000 shaft horsepower. It is a single-shaft turboprop with 10-stage axial-compressor with four bypass valves, annular combustors with ten burner cones, a three-stage axial flow turbine, and a pressure type feed fully recirculating oil system. The aircraft is also equipped with four-bladed constant speed reversible-pitch propellers.

The aircraft has a maximum speed of 360 knots, a cruise speed of 310 knots, and a range of 3,100 nautical miles with maximum fuel. With a maximum payload of 20,000 kg, it can fly up to 1,900 nautical miles.