Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1

The third wide-body airliner in commercial operations

Overview

Lockheed Martin United States ICAO: L101 1968–1983 Active $20 million (1972)

The Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1 was the first production model of the L-1011, an American medium-to-long-range, wide-body trijet airliner of Lockheed Corporation. It was the third wide-body airliner in commercial operations and has a seating capacity of up to four hundred passengers with a maximum range of 4,250 nautical miles.

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Specifications

Units
Engine
3 × Rolls-Royce RB211-22
Engine type
Turbofan
Thrust
3 × 42,000 lbf · 187 kN
Avionics
L-1011 Avionics Flight Control System
Wing tips
No winglets
Seats
400
Crew
—
Cabin width
18 ft 11 in  ·  5.77 m
Cabin height
8 ft 10 in  ·  2.70 m
Cabin length
108 ft 3 in  ·  33.00 m
Exterior length
177 ft 9 in  ·  54.17 m
Tail height
55 ft 4 in  ·  16.87 m
Fuselage diameter
19 ft 7 in  ·  5.97 m
Wing span
155 ft 4 in  ·  47.35 m
Baggage volume
3,433 ft³  ·  97.2 m³
Gross weight
—
Empty weight
—
Max takeoff weight
441,000 lb  ·  200,000 kg
Max landing weight
348,500 lb  ·  158,000 kg
Max payload
74,000 lb  ·  33,700 kg
Fuel capacity
23,800 gal · 90,100 L · 72,100 kg (Jet A)
Max cruise speed
520 kt  ·  598 mph  ·  963 km/h
Maximum speed
—
Cruise speed
—
Approach speed
108 kt  ·  124 mph  ·  200 km/h
Range
4,250 nm  ·  4,890 mi  ·  7,870 km
Fuel burn
—
Ceiling
42,000 ft  ·  12,800 m
Rate of climb
2,800 ft/min  ·  14 m/s
Takeoff distance
7,700 ft  ·  2,350 m
Landing distance
6,450 ft  ·  1,960 m
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Faucett Peru Lockheed L 1011 TriStar 1 (on approach)

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Operational Context

In the mid-1960s, when American Airlines had a requirement for an airliner that could accommodate 250 passengers on transcontinental routes, Lockheed Corporation and its competitor Douglas Aircraft responded. Since 1961’s L-188 Electra, Lockheed had not produced any civilian airliners again and just focused on military transports.

However, having suffered problems with several of their military programs, the company desired to re-enter the civilian market with a smaller wide-body jet, named as the L-1011 Tristar. Douglas Aircraft produced the DC-10 which had the same three-engine configuration and dimensions.

Despite their resemblance, the two aircraft’s engineering approaches were different. Douglas focused on developing an economical DC-10 aircraft while Lockheed created a costly but technologically-advanced L-1011-1. The aircraft produces lower noise emissions, enhanced reliability, and greater efficiency over first-generation jet airliners. The L-1011-1 was named as Tristar due to a Lockheed employee naming contest for the airliner.

The first production model of the airliner was the L-1011-1 which was designed for short and medium-range flight. This initial model served as the basis for the succeeding versions such as the L-1011-100, L-1011-50, L-1011-150, L-1011-200, L-1011-250, and L-1011-500. The L-1011-1 was acquired by several airlines such as Air Canada, All Nippon Airways, Cathay Pacific, Eastern Airlines, and other operators with regional trunk routes that need a widebody aircraft. Two L-101101 were purchased by Pacific Southwest Airlines configured with lower deck seats. This version was also one of the few widebody aircraft to be fitted with an optional full-height built-in airstair.

On April 5, 1972, the aircraft was first delivered to Eastern Airlines. In 1983, production ended with a total of 160 L-1011-1 Tristars built. Most of the aircraft were sold to US operators, with just a combination of 110 orders from Delta Airlines, Eastern Airlines, and Trans World Airlines.

The L-1011-1 is powered by three Rolls-Royce RB211-22 turbofan engines with a maximum thrust of 42,000 lbf each.