L-1011 TriStar 200 Production and Development
Manufactured in Lockheed facilities in Burbank and Palmdale, California, the L-1011 Tristar is by far the sole commercial jet aircraft produced by the Lockheed Corporation. The aircraft was called as Tristar owing to a staff naming competition by the company.
In the late 1960s, due to American Airlines demand for an airliner that can transport 250 passengers on long routes, Lockheed Corporation developed the L-1011 Tristar, a medium to long range wide-body jet smaller than the previous L-188 Electra. The L-1011 Tristar competed with the Douglas DC-10 and won over the latter because of its technologically sophisticated features that made it stand out.
In 1976, the third production version L-1011-200 was introduced in the market.
In May 1977, the first L-1011-200 was delivered to Saudi Arabian Airlines, the launch customer of the variant. The -200 was of service to the airline until 1998.
There were forty-four L-100-200 produced; twenty-four of those were newly built, others were converted.
L-1011 TriStar 200 Design
The Tristar 200 has an exterior length of 54.17 meters, exterior height of 8.4 meters and fuselage diameter of 5.97 meters. Its regular low set tail is 16.87 meters tall. It is designed with low set wings with a wingspan of 47.35 meters and wing area of 321.1 square meters. It is fitted with a tricycle retractable undercarriage with a wheelbase of 21.33 meters.
The aircraft has a spacious cabin with length of 33 meters, width of 5.77 meters and height of 2.7 meters. It can fit 256 passengers in a mixed-class seating and up to 400 passengers in a high density configuration.
L-1011 TriStar 200 Flight Deck and Avionics
The L-1011 Tristar 200 has a technologically advanced automatic flight control system rated for Cat-IIIc autolanding that enables the aircraft to land in zero visibility conditions with the use of an autopilot. The aircraft utilized an Inertial Navigation System for tracking the position and orientation; this comprised arranging the navigation system by inputting present coordinates of longitude and latitude.
It is also equipped with Direct Lift Control (DLC) system that enables stream landing approaches. The system adjusts the rate of descent while landing without the need to adjust the angle of attack. The L-1011 Tristar 200 features an Auto Clave system for connecting fuselage panels together that was immensely resistant to corrosion.
The trijet configuration of the L-1011 Tristar 200 has three Rolls-Royce RB211 engines. One of the engines was mounted under the wing, together with a third engine mounted in the center with an S-duct air inlet positioned in the tail and in the upper part of fuselage. The triple spool high bypass turbofan engine has a maximum rate of 50,000 lbf each. It has a maximum length of 4.82 meters and a fan diameter of 2.19 meters.
The Tristar 200 can fly up to 42,000 feet. With a maximum cruise speed of 515 knots, it can travel at a maximum range of 3600 nautical miles. It has a climb rate of 2800 feet per minute, take off distance of 2,350 meters and landing distance of 1,960 meters. The aircraft can carry a maximum payload of 100,412 kg and is equipped with a fuel tank capacity of 26,502 US Gal. The maximum take off and landing weight are 211,374 kg and 166,922 kg respectively.
L-1011 TriStar 200 Notable Accidents
On August 19 1980, a Saudia Flight 163 from its intermediate stop at Riyadh International Airport burst into flames seven minutes after takeoff. The aircraft successfully made an emergency landing however smoke rapidly overcame all the people on board as they queued for the exits. There were 287 passengers and 14 crew on board; no one survived the accident.
On December 23 1980, a Saudia Flight 162 from Dhahran International Airport suffered an explosive decompression of the cabin. An emergency landing was made at Doha International Airport. Two passengers were ejected through a hole in the cabin floor which led to their death. There were 292 people on board; 7 were injured and 2 were killed. The accident is considered as the second deadliest aviation accident in Qatar.
